<html> Topic 4

A Quiz to help review material.

1. The citation may also be italicized as if you typed <i> or <em> but it will also be a useful code that computers can use if they attempt to sort the material by your site by references. Screen readers may also indicate that material inside the <cite> or <q> tags are quotations. This paragraph used <cite> and </cite>, for example. It is inappropriate use, however, since this paragraph is not a citation.

2. It is the convention in web pages to underline links that take readers to another web source. If you underline words with the <u> tag, readers may think you merely have a dead link. Some pages use style sheets to display links as a different color but with no underline. This is attractive, but it poses a problem for those who are color-blind.

3. Use the <pre> tag to duplicate spacing as you want it. The preformatted text will most likely display in Courier font and look like a typewritten text, but will include your intended indentations and line breaks. Do not forget the end </pre> tag. You can go to "view>page source" to see how the following was done as an example.

There once was a webmaster girl
with an exciting high-tech URL.
     She used hypertext
     To show what was next
and gave readers quite a net whirl!

4. Structural tags used for headings, emphasis and citations are important because they do more than make your page look like what you desire. HTML was designed so that computers can read and sort pages by structural tags. Some indexing robots use your structural tags. Non-visual browsers use structural tags. So whenever possible, use the appropriate structural tag and not just a formatting tag to make your text "look" right. W3C says about this subject of structure versus layout:

"Experience has shown that separating the structure of a document from its presentational aspects reduces the cost of serving a wide range of platforms, media, etc., and facilitates document revisions .. . .The problem comes when the content of pages needs to be updated, or given a new layout, or re-cast in XML (which is now to be the new mark-up language). With proper use of HTML, such operations are not difficult, but with a muddle of non-structural tags it's quite a different matter; maintenance tasks become impractical."

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